• A Man (the Antichrist). A Jew who betrays his people.
• A Microchip, Tattoo, Barcode. A physical object will be placed on the hand or forehead.

• A Man (the Antichrist). The beast is a system or combination of powerful religious and political forces who control the world. They will be headed by a powerful man. However, this man by himself is not the Antichrist. The Bible says that the Antichrist existed since the days of the disciples. So at the end of time the last man who rules this system will be the last Antichrist.
• The Mark. While technology will be used to identify people, the mark in the hand is anyone who does the will of the Antichrist. The mark in the head are those who agree with their policy. A mark or an identification card is not sin unless it is associated with a deliberate intent to sin.

I believe in God, the Father Almighty, Creator of heaven and earth;
and in Jesus Christ, His only Son, Our Lord;
who was conceived by the Holy Spirit,
born of the Virgin Mary,
suffered under Pontius Pilate,
was crucified, died and was buried.
He descended into hell; the third day He arose again from the dead;
He ascended into heaven, sits at the right hand of God, the Father Almighty;
from thence He shall come to judge the living and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit,
the Holy Catholic Church,
the communion of saints,
the forgiveness of sins,
the resurrection of the body and life everlasting. Amen.

1. It is a battle after the end of the millennium in which the forces of evil attack the city of God and fire from God destroys them. The preparation started before the millennium and is interrupted by the Second Coming. The city of God (the New Jerusalem) had come straight from heaven and landed on the spot at the Mount of Olives in Israel. The final judgment had just been announced and this action is a final effort to take the kingdom by force. No fighting is done by anyone on God's side. God alone protects His people when they are attacked.

   Plagues	Second Coming	Millennium	Third Coming	Judgment
   Prepare for war		1000 Years		Court	Battle of Armageddon	Hell
   	Righteous Resurrected	Righteous In Heaven	Wicked Resurrected

2. It is a human war fought on earth (before the millennium) in the area of Israel on the plain of Megiddo. It is possibly a nuclear war fought between Israel, Russia and China.

   Battle of Armageddon	Second Coming	Millennium
   		1000 Years

1. Life means suffering.
2. The origin of suffering is attachment to ignorance and transient things.
3. The end of suffering is attainable through Nirodha. This is the unmasking of sensual craving and conceptual attachment. Suffering is ended by reaching dispassion. Nirvana will ultimately be attained if we continue the cycle of nirodha. Nirvana is the freedom from all worries, troubles, complexes, fabrications and ideas.
4. The path to the end of suffering. There is a eight fold path of self improvement that ends suffering.

• Julian calendar. Created by the Romans in 46BC, it was replaced by the Gregorian calendar because it began to lose days. It has a year 0.
• Gregorian calendar. Created by Pope Gregory in 1582 to fix the problems with the Julian calendar. He added a new method for calculating leap years and corrected the drift in the calendar by deleting 10 days. By adding leap centuries (years divisible by 400 not 100) he was able to align the calendar with the solar cycle. The calendar was adopted across the world between 1582 and 1923. This calendar has no year 0.
• Hebrew calendar. A lunar and solar calendar. The first day of the month was on the new moon when the first sliver of light appeared after the molad. But the year was periodically adjusted to coincide with the solar year. The calendar was reformed around 359 AD. by rabbi Hillel II. A normal year has twelve months and a leap year had thirteen months. Leap years occur on year 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, , 17 and 19 in a nineteen year cycle. Although Nisan is the first month, Tishri now starts the new year. There are several new year's days.
  • Tishri 1 (Rosh Hashanah). The new calendar year and the day man was created.
  • Shevat 15 (Tu B'shevat). The new year for trees when fruit tithes were given.
  • Nisan 1. The new Year for Kings
  • Elul 1. The year for bringing animal tithes.

  Sans-Culottides
  #	French	English
  1	Jour de la vertu	Virtue day
  2	Jour du génie	Genius day
  3	Jour du travail	Labor day
  4	Jour de l'opinion	Reason day
  5	Jour des récompenses	Rewards day
  6	Jour de la révolution	Revolution day

• French Revolution Calendar. A temporary calendar which lasted during the French Revolution from November 24, 1793 to December 31, 1805. Year one of the calendar officially started from the establishment of the first French republic on September 22, 1792. However, the calendar was introduced on November 24, 1793. The names of the months celebrated the seasons and the harvest and the design was meant to break away from any Christian symbols.
  Week. The main feature is that each "week" was ten days long (a decade), and each month was thirty days long. The month was 30 days long and it was divided into three decades and every tenth day was a day of rest.
  Sans-Culottides. These are the five extra days which were added to the end of the year. They are dedicated to feast days named for Virtue, Genius, Labor, Reason, and Rewards. In leap years the extra day, the last of the year, was Revolution Day.

• a.u.c. ab urbe condita "from the founding of the city (Rome) in 753BC. The Roman calendar numbered years from this point. When the Julian Calendar was adopted it was the year 709 a.u.c which was 46 BC.
• N.S. New Style. Refers to a date in the Gregorian Calendar
• O.S. Old Style. Refers to a date in the Julian Calendar
• A.H. Anno Higerae on the Moslem Calendar is the Era of the Hijra July 15, 622. It commemorates the journey of Mohammed from Mecca to Medina.

• Celestial Stem. This is a cycle of ten.
• Terrestrial Branch. This is the cycle of twelve zodiac animals.

• Ten Commandments (Actions: Physical Law). Laws given to Moses on Mount Sinai two months after the exodus. These were ten commandments written on two tables of sapphire stone and others laws written down by Moses. (Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5)
• Noahide Laws. Laws given to Noah after the flood. (Genesis 9). I have numbered the seven laws that have traditionally been listed, but there were two other laws that they kept in this chapter. His son was punished for dishonoring him and they offered sacrifices.
• Eden. Laws that seem to exist at Eden because negative consequences happened when they were broken. (Genesis 1 - 3)
• Jesus (Desire: Mental Law). Laws that Jesus and the disciples referenced. All of them were given as laws to obey in several lists. He did not change the laws given to Moses, He added to them. Jesus actually expanded the scope of the law by claiming that motives and inner desires are just as bad as the actions that break the law.
• Jesus (Motive: Spiritual Law). The laws repeated in a positive point of view. In fact these "fruits of the spirit" have no low against them.

• Circumcision. Jesus was circumcised at His death. His outer human body was cut off, just as the outer foreskin is cut off at birth.
• Sabbath. Jesus rested on the Sabbath when He died. God would give us rest from sin.
• Rainbow. From His death to the future, He started a chain of events that are completed in the order of the rainbow. The colors in the rainbow are symbolized by each step in the Plan of Salvation. See our lesson on "The Colors of God".

• Executive. President who is supposed to pass and obey the lass.
• Legislative. Congress which makes laws. There are two branches:
  • Senate. There are two members from each state.
  • House of Representatives. The number of congressmen is reflected by the population in each state. So a census is done every ten years to see if a state needs more or less representation.
• Judicial. Court system which interprets the law.

• State Courts. Hears civil and criminal cases in each state.
• Federal Courts. These courts hear civil and criminal cases that involve more than one state or the United States constitution. The federal courts also handle bankruptcies.
• Special Federal Courts. Hears special cases like international trade and customs, claims against the United States government, cases involving United States secrets and security.
  • United States Court of International Trade.
  • United States Federal Claims Court.
  • United States Tax Court.
  • Bankruptcy Courts. Bankruptcy cases are handled by the federal courts but they are not authorized by the constitution.
  • United States Court of Appeals for Veterans' Claims.
  • United States Military Courts. A court system that process cases for the military under the laws of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. There is no trial by jury and guilt is by majority vote.
  • United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces.
  • Foreign Intelligence Service Act (FISA) Courts. Secret court that authorizes wire tapping and searches. Authorization may be sought before or after the surveillance is done. Since this court has been in existence, over 20,000 requests have been sought and only five have been denied.
  • Military Tribunal Courts. Courts that process cases against civilian "terrorists". There are no rights or appeals.

1. Trial Courts (District Courts). The courts where 95% of civil and criminal cases are heard.
2. Appellate Courts. The courts which hears appeals to decisions of the trial courts. Some states have two levels of courts within the appellate court system.
   • State Court of Appeals.
   • State Supreme Court of Appeals.
3. Supreme Court. The federal court that hears only federal or state cases that involve the constitution.

1. Supreme Court. The federal court that hears only federal cases or state cases that involve the constitution. There are nine judges assigned to this court. Eight are called "associate justices" and the head is the "chief justice".
2. United States Circuit Court of Appeals. The federal appellate courts which hears appeals to decisions of the trial courts.

The Circuit Courts. The country is divided into twelve regions with a state assigned to a specific region. Each region has a bankruptcy court, a court of appeals and several trial courts. There are 12 courts and 179 judges authorized by congress. The word "circuit court" may have come from the fact that in the earliest days of the nation a judge was assigned to a region and he would circle his territory and travel from place to place to administer justice.
1	First Circuit	Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Puerto Rico
2	Second Circuit	Connecticut, New York, Vermont
3	Third Circuit	Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virgin Islands
4	Fourth Circuit	Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia
5	Fifth Circuit	Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas
6	Sixth Circuit	Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Tennessee
7	Seventh Circuit	Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin
8	Eighth Circuit	Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota
9	Ninth Circuit	Alaska, Arizona, California, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Northern Mariana Islands, Oregon, Washington
10	Tenth Circuit	Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, Wyoming
11	Eleventh Circuit	Alabama, Florida, Georgia
12	Twelfth Circuit	District of Columbia District

3. Trial Courts (District Courts). There are ninety four courts and 662 judges authorized by congress.
4. United States Court of International Trade. Handles cases involving customs, international trade and patents.

• Power. Since the federal judges are appointed for life, the way to grab absolute power is to control the majority of the 179 judges at the appeals court level and the supreme court.
• Bias of the Federal Judges. Over 100 judges appointed to the federal appeals court are conservatives who vote in favor of the government. Many of the 179 authorized positions are still not filled, possibly so that they can be filled with conservative judges. The majority of the supreme court now rule in favor of the government. If cases get out of the military tribunal system into the authorized federal court system, you are not guaranteed a fair hearing.
• The Four Freedoms. The bill of rights is virtually gone because the federally appointed judges will not rule against the government's claim for a need to curtail our rights.
• Unconstitutional Laws. The powers granted under the Patriot Act, Patriot Act II and changes to other laws have removed constitutional rights for everyone.
• Military Tribunal Courts. No jury, no appeals, no constitutional rights, no human rights, indefinite detention without any charges, lawyers restricted, torture allowed, statements taken by torture are allowed, no access to evidence, evidence rules are barbaric.
  American Concentration Camps. Conspiracy theorists have identified certain locations in prisons, military ships, sports stadiums and military bases that are to be used as prisons for those incarcerated under the tribunal system and those labeled as "enemy combatants". We have seen this occur at Guantanamo Bay, possibly in Jacksonville and in the secret prisons established around the world.

1. The Niocene Creed (Nicene). Established between 325-381 at the first two ecumenical councils. Defines the nature of the Trinity.
2. Athanasian Creed (Quicunque). Created around 500.
3. The Apostle's Creed. Originally believed to be established by the apostles on the day of Pentecost. The first documented evidence of its use was around 692.

• Domineering Patriarchal Leadership. A leader who cannot be questioned.
• Polygamy. The right of males to have multiple wives or females.
  Pedophile. The prize possessions are the eleven and twelve year old girls.
• Submission. Women have no voice except total submission and obedience.
• Planned Ignorance. Members of the community have no skills, finances or resources to choose another option.

• Leadership. The abuser establishes leadership by virtue of his gender, charisma, family inheritance or claim of divine calling.
• Eliminate Rivals. Remove or control any challenges to absolute authority. Sometimes even the Bible is a rival. So cults establish total control over its distribution, use, teachings and interpretation.
• Money. Control the acquisition and distribution of wealth.
• Women or Sex. Women and children are seen as objects to control physically, mentally, emotionally and sexually.
• Decisions. Submissive members have a narrow range of areas in which they have any control.
• Duty. Members are indoctrinated with a sense of their personal duties and sacrifices even if others in the group are exempt from them or benefit from your misery.
• Fear. Behavior and submission is controlled through fear of either the present life or the after life.
• Isolation. These cults are always isolated away from the "evils of the world".
  Only the works of darkness are hidden. God said, "let your light shine before men". The only reason that the church should be isolated is because of actual intense persecution, not potential persecution. And even in that situation, we are supposed to stay in the world and give our lives as martyrs.
• Good Versus Evil. Cults propose an all or none response to human institutions. Usually this control extends to government, science, medicine and education. You must be able to separate the use of good things for evil purposes and the thing itself. Because money or science or medicine is corrupted by evil practices and unethical commercial goals does not condemn the entire system. The genius of Satan is taking what is good and contaminating it with evil deeds and evil associations. One must be able to use wisdom to know when to render to Caesar what is Caesars" and to "turn the other cheek".

1. Biblical Age. The two biblical ages described in Matthew 12:32, Galatians 1:4 and Hebrews 6:5.
   • This age. Six thousand years.
   • The age to come. The millennium and eternity.
2. Three Ages. Theorized by scholars.
   • The first dispensation approximately 1 - 2000 years. Age of Man
   • The second dispensation approximately 2001 - 4000 years. Age of the Jews
   • The third dispensation approximately 4001 - 6000 years. Age of the Church
3. Scofield's Seven Dispensations.
   One of the most popular schemes is found in the Scofield Reference Bible divided the period into seven dispensations :

   Seven Dispensations		Text	Events	Three Ages
   1	Creation to fall	Genesis 1:28	Innocence	1	Age of Man
   2	Fall to flood	Genesis 3:7	Moral responsibility or Conscience
   3	Flood to Abraham	Genesis 8:15	Human Government
   4	Abraham to Moses	Genesis 12:1	Promise	2	Age of the Jews
   5	Moses to Christ	Exodus 19:1	Law
   6	Church Age	Acts 2:1	Church or Grace	3	Age of the Church
   7	Millennium	Revelation 20:4	Kingdom

1. Theotokos. Mary is the mother of God. (431 Council of Ephesus).
2. Perpetual Virginity. She remained a virgin all her life.
3. Immaculate Conception. She did not have original sin from the moment of her conception. (1854, Pope Pius IX). Other doctrines further state that she committed no sins during her entire life.
4. Assumption. She was resurrected body and soul into heaven and her body did not decay. (1950, Pius XII).
5. Coredemptrix, Mediatrix, Advocate. She participates in the saving of humans. (Pope John Paul II).

1. The Gap Theory of the Second Coming. The gap is the time between the crucifixion and seven years before the Second Coming. Beliefs about it arise from the seventieth week of the prophesies of Daniel 9: 27 which are separated from the first 69 weeks by this time period. It has been interrupted by the 2000 year "gap" of the Christian dispensation. The final week will occur as a seven year period of tribulation just before the end. The Jewish dispensation begins again.

   Before The Gap			The Gap		After The Gap	Second Coming
   69 Weeks 483 Years				2000+ Year Gap	1 Week 7 Years
   Jewish Dispensation			Christian Dispensation		Jewish Dispensation

   There is debate over when Jesus died in relation to the start of this gap.
   • Before the Gap. At the end of the 69 weeks and before the start of the gap.
   • Between the Gap. After the end of the 69 weeks and before the start of the gap.
   • In the Gap. Jesus died at the beginning of the gap.
   
   
2. The Gap Theory of Creation. A 'long day' creationist theory that seeks to reconcile Genesis with the millions of years of evolution. The theory states that there was a gap between the events of Genesis 1: 1 and Genesis 1: 2. This was an infinite amount of time that included the destruction of a first creation after the fall. Then God resumed creation in Genesis 1: 2. But there is no biblical support for this.

   God created the heavens and earth			Millions of Years	Formless and Void
   First creation	The Fall	Destruction	The Gap	Second creation	Day 1

• Mary. As the methods of honoring Mary increases, it is impossible to separate these actions from acts of worship due only to God.
• Sophia. At a conference in 1993, 1996, 1998 and 2000, the attendants prayed to Sophia, the Greek goddess of wisdom. They called her their creator and replaced the bread and wine of the communion with milk and honey. They openly rejected the incarnation and the atonement. Sophia was a god of the Gnostics.

Hail Holy Queen, mother of mercy, our life, our sweetness and our hope.
To you do we cry poor banished children of Eve.
To you do we send up our sighs, mourning, and weeping in this vale of tears.
Turn then, most gracious advocate, your eyes of mercy toward us,
and after this our exile show unto us the blessed fruit of your womb, Jesus.
O clement, O loving, O sweet Virgin Mary.

Pray for us, O holy Mother of God.
That we may be made worthy of the promises of Christ.
Let Us Pray

O God, whose only begotten Son, by His life, death, and resurrection has purchased for us the rewards of eternal salvation; grant, we beg You, that meditating upon these mysteries of the most Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary, we may imitate what they contain, and obtain what they promise: through the same Christ Our Lord.

• First Heaven. The sky and lower atmosphere.
• Second Heaven. Outer space where the stars exist.
• Third Heaven. This is the real heaven where God lives. It has several features.
  • City. Jerusalem. The current location of Heaven will be moved to Earth after the millennium.
  • Throne. Where God rules.
  • Mansions. Buildings where the people will live.
  • Garden. A garden in or near the city. The Garden of Eden.
  • Tree. A tree of life at the throne of God which has 12 fruits.
  • River. A river of life at the throne of God.
  • Bridge. The Sea of Glass.

• If it is a real place.
• Where it exists. (Somewhere in outer space, or on earth in the future, and the name of different phases)
• When people go there. (At death, after the Second Coming or after the third coming).
• How Long Hell will last. (Forever or a finite amount of time until the fires go out).

  • Hanukkah or Chanukah (Feast of Lights and Feast of Dedication). (Kislev 25) It celebrates the war fought by the Maccabees against the Greeks around 166 BC. The first Hanukkah was in December 164 BC. Hanukkah is celebrated for eight days around December on Kislev 25 as a feast of dedication or inauguration of the temple. The temple was defiled and turned into a pagan sanctuary where pigs were sacrificed. They cleaned the temple and lit the menorah but they only had enough sacred oil to last for one day. God performed a miracle and kept the flame in the temple burning for eight days until more oil could be pressed. The traditional nine branched candle is lit during this time to remember the miracle that occurred.
The use of this candle originated around the first century before Christ. The candle has eight branches for each day of the holiday and a ninth branch used to hold the "shamash" candle or "servant light". It was used to light one candle on each day. Each night a new candle is added starting on the right to left. But as each candle is added they are lit from left to right (the newest to the oldest).
  • Purim (Feast of Lots). 14-15 Adar. (Esther 9: 20-22) Celebrates the victory of queen Esther who convinces King Ahasuerus to denounce the plan by Haman to annihilate the Persian Jews around 400 BC.

Nguzo Saba (Seven Principles)				Seven Symbols
Date	#	Principle	Meaning	Symbol		Meaning
December 26	1	Umoja	Unity		Mazao	Fruits, vegetables, nuts
December 27	2	Kujichagulia	Self determination		Mkeba	Place mat (foundation)
December 28	3	Ujima	Collective work, responsibility		Kinara	Candle holder
December 29	4	Ujamaa	Cooperative economics		Vibunzi or Muhindi	Ears of corn
December 30	5	Nia	Purpose		Zawadi	Gifts
December 31	6	Kuumba	Creativity		Kikombe Cha Umoja	Communal cup of unity
January 1	7	Imani	Faith		Mishumaa Saba	Seven candles
6 4 2 1 3 5 7 Mishumaa Saba (Seven Candles). This has three red candles on the left, a black candle in the center and three green candles on the right. The black candle is lit on the first day, then alternates from a red to a green candle on each of the other days.

• Temple Mount. The site of the first two temples. It is now the location of the "Dome of the Rock". It is the location of the site of the Most Holy Place of the temple, and Mount Moriah where Abraham offered Isaac as a sacrifice, Jacob had his dream about a ladder to heaven at this place and Mohammad ascended to heaven.
• Wailing Wall. The remnants of the walls of the second temple. Jews pray there and people often put written prayers into the wall.

1. Mecca (Makkah al-Mukarramah or Mecca the Blessed). This is the holiest city that is the location of the holiest place on earth. The sacred mosque (al-Masjid al-Haram) surrounds the Kaaba, a small cube shaped building that is supposed to have been built by Abraham and Ishmael. It is the destination of the Hajj, the annual pilgrimage.
2. Medina. Muhammad is buried here. Formerly known as Yathrib, it is the place to which Muhammad fled on a 200 mile journey from Mecca in 622AD. This flight is known as the Hegira and Muslim calendars begin in this year.
3. Jerusalem.
   • Qubbat al-Saqarah (Dome of the Rock) or Mosque of Umar. Built between 687 and 691 on the temple mount in Jerusalem. Muhammed ascended to heaven from this spot.
   • Masjid Al-Aqsa Mosque. Located next to the Dome of the Rock.

Pilgrimage Sites in Iraq.
• Najaf. The site of the Imam Ali mosque and the Meshed Ali or the shrine of the tomb of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Imam Ali), the first imam. He is the only Shia imam that is recognized by Sunnis.
  The city is also the site of Wadi-us-Salaam or the valley of Peace. It is the largest cemetery that has the tomb of several prophets.
• Karbala (Madjad Al-Husain). Mosque of Imam Husain. This is the place of the tomb where Imam Husain who was martyred in 680AD. He is the grandson of Ali by his daughter Fatima. The tomb is believed to be the location of one of the gates of paradise.
• Samarra. The Askariya Shrine and Mosque ("Gold Dome Mosque") complex. It has a sacred history related to the last three imams of the Shia religion. The shrine holds the bodies of Ali al-Hadi and his son Hassan al-Haskari, the tenth and eleventh imams who are direct descendents of Muhammad. It is also the location where the twelfth imam disappeared in 878. He is Mohammed al-Mahdi, the son of al-Haskari. He is the hidden imam who is in hiding under the shrine. He will miraculously appear one day to banish sin. The mosque was destroyed by terrorist bombs on February 22, 2006 and will probably trigger civil war.
  Sirdab. This is another shrine in the same complex above the cave where al-Mahdi went into hiding.
• Kadhimiya. Has a shrine to the seventh Imam Musa al-Kadhim [Kazim].
  Pilgrimage Sites in Iran.
• Jamkaran. Pilgrims come to drop a message in the holy well at the Jamkaran mosque. These messages are received and answered by the imam Madhi [Zaman]. Sheikh Hassan ibn Muthlih Jamkarani claimed to have seen imam Madhi at a well here in 947AD, 69 years after his death. This mosque and the gold dome mosque in Samarra are two important locations for this imam.
• Mashhad (Meshed). The shrine of the eighth imam Reza [Imam Ali b. Musa al-Rida], who was poisoned.
• Qom. The location of the shrine of Hazrat Masourmeh (Hæzræt Masume), the sister of imam Reza, daughter of the seventh imam. Location of the Jamkaran mosque.
• Tehran. Tomb of the seventh imam, Musa al-Kadhim.

"We define that the holy icons, whether in color, mosaic, or some other material, should be exhibited in the holy churches of God, on the sacred vessels and liturgical vestments, on the walls, furnishings, and in houses and along the roads, namely the icons of our Lord God and Savior Jesus Christ, that of our Lady the Theotokos, those of the venerable angels and those of all saintly people. Whenever these representations are contemplated, they will cause those who look at them to commemorate and love their prototype.

We define also that they should be kissed and that they are an object of veneration and honor (timitiki proskynisis), but not of real worship (latreia), which is reserved for Him Who is the subject of our faith and is proper for the divine nature.

• Sunni. The most fundamentalist group. The Wahhabi sect are the most fundamentalist Sunnis
• Shi'a. Believers are concentrated in Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Bahrain, Yemen and Azerbaijan. They believe in more successors to Muhammad. They have broken up based on the number of legitimate successors. There are twelvers who believe in twelve successors. Seveners who believe in seven successors and fivers.
• Sufi. A set with mystical beliefs that may still be either Sunni or Shi'a.

1. Shahada (the Creed). The recitation and acceptance of the creed.
   "There is no God but Allah, and Mahomet is the Prophet of Allah".
2. Salat or Salah. Daily prayer, five times per day with the face towards Mecca.
3. Zakat or Zakah. Paying ritual alms. About 2.5% of unused wealth.
4. Ramadan. Observing the fast of Ramadan.
5. Hajj or Haj. Making the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in your life if you can afford it. This six day pilgrimage from Mecca to Medina occurs during January. About two million Muslims attend.
   
   Some Muslims include a sixth pillar.
6. Jihad. The struggle.
   • Greater Jihad. The inner struggle against Satan.
   • Lesser Jihad. Holy war against those who oppose them. If a person dies in a jihad he is sent to heaven without punishment for any sins.
   Muhajadeen (Mugahid). Those who engage in the struggle. (Mujahideen, mujahedeen, mujahedin, mujahidin, mujaheddin) Mugahid is the singular form of the word.

• PBUH. The letters PBUH or P.B.U.H. means "Peace Be Unto Him". They are usually placed after the name of Muhammad.
• Imam Mahdi [Zaman]. The twelfth imam of Shi'a Muslims. He went into hiding in a cave in Samarra and disappeared in 878AD. He never died and is being kept alive by God until the end of the world when he will bring justice and peace to the world before the coming of Jesus (Isa). There are shrines in Samarra, Iraq and in Jamkaran, Iran. He appeared at a well in Jamkaran in 947AD. One thousand years ago he told a righteous man in a dream to build a mosque for him there. Pilgrims drop messages for him in the well. They believe he will answer their requests.
• Mahdaviat. Belief in the Second Coming of Madhi.

1. The first major period of exile was in 721 BC when the Assyrians took the ten northern tribes of Israel.
2. The second major wave came in 605 BC when the Babylonians took the remaining tribes out of the land.
3. The third major wave came in 132 AD when the Romans exiled the Jews after the bar kokhba revolution.

• Mizrachim (50%). Descendants of Jews who have been on the land since ancient times or who were forced out of Arab countries when the state of Israel was created.
• Sephardic. Jews from Spain and the Iberian Peninsula since the Middle Ages.
• Ashkenazic. Descendants of Jews from Germanic lands who fled persecution in Eastern Europe in the late 1800's, holocaust survivors and immigrants who came after.
  • Eastern Europe and Yemen. Between 1882 and 1903, 35,000 Jews emigrated.
  • Russia. Between 1904 and 1914, 40,000 emigrated from Russia because of anti-Semitism.
  • Europe. Between 1919 and 1923, 40,000 emigrated from Eastern Europe after the first world war.
  • Poland and Hungary. Between 1924-1929, 82,000 emigrated.
  • Nazi Europe. From 1929 to 1929, 250,000 emigrated due to the rise of Nazism. The British restricted emigration to 75,000 per year.
  • Aliyah Bet (Illegal Immigration). During 1933-1948, 110,000 were smuggled into Palestine when the British curtailed immigration.
  • Eastern Europe and Arab Countries. 1948-1950, over 500,000 emigrated. The Holocaust survivors returned after the creation of the state of Israel May 14, 1948. Then, after the 1948 Arab-Israeli war many Jews were thrown out of Arab countries and Palestinians were thrown out of Palestine.
    • Yemen. All 49,000 Jews from Yemen emigrated during Operation Magic Carpet (1949-50).
    • Iraq. 114,000 Jews came from Iraq in 1951 in Operation Ezra and Nehemiah.
    • Algeria. Of the 140,000 most left in 1962, mostly to France.
    • Egypt. Only 100 of about 75,000 remain today.
    • Lebanon. 5,000 lived there in 1948, about 100 remain.
    • Morocco. 18,000 in 1948. More in the following years and 80,000 in 1961.
    • Syria. 30,000 lived there in 1948, about 100 remain.
    • Tunisia. About 50,000 emigrated in 1956 to Israel.
    • Libya. 38,000 lived there in 1948, none remain.
  • Iran. After 1979, 30,000 Jews emigrated during the Iranian revolution.
  • Russia (1980's). After the collapse of the Soviet Union.
  • Ethiopia (1991). After a severe famine. On November 18, 1985 to Jauary 5, 1986 6,500 to 8,000 Ethiopian Jews were taken from Sudan In Operation Moses. 14,500 were flown to Israel on May 25, 1991 in Operation Solomon.
  • Argentina. Over 10,000 have emigrated since 2000.
  • France. 11,148 left France between 2000-2005.

1. Genesis. The history of the world and the call of Abraham, the father of the nation of Israel.
2. Exodus. The forty year journey from Egypt to the Promised land and the Ten Commandments.
3. Leviticus. The laws of God, the feasts and the laws of Moses. They have grouped these and other laws into 613 mitzvot (commands).

   613 Mitzvot
   Number	Category
   1-10	God
   11-16	Torah
   17-21	Signs and Symbols (Circumcision, tzitzit, tefillin on the head and arm, mezuzah)
   22-25	Prayer and Blessings
   26-39	Love and Brotherhood
   40-52	The poor
   53-58	Gentiles
   59-81	Marriage, divorce, family
   82-106	Forbidden sexual
   107-142	Feasts, times and seasons
   143-169	Dietary Laws
   170-183	Business practices
   184-202	Employees, servants and slaves
   203-209	Vows, oaths and swearing
   210-226	Sabbatical and jubilee years
   227-262	The court and judicial procedures
   263-266	Injuries and damages
   267-277	Property and property damage
   278-284	Criminal laws
   285-308	Punishment and restitution
   309-311	Prophecy
   312-357	Idolatry
   358-364	Agriculture and animal care
   365-367	Clothing
   368-371	The Firstborn
   372-401	Kohanim and Levites
   402-425	T'rumah, tithes and taxes
   426-458	Temple, sanctuary and sacred objects
   459-560	Sacrifices and offerings
   561-576	Ritual purity and impurity
   577-580	Lepers and leprosy
   581-587	King
   588-597	Nazarite
   598-613	War

4. Numbers. The counting of the people to distribute their heritage. and their adventures on the Exodus.
5. Deuteronomy. The Second reading of the law or the repetition of the law before they crossed over the Jordan river into the Promised Land. Moses died just before this.

1. Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord is One!
   You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. These words which I am commanding you today shall be on your heart. You shall teach them diligently to your sons and shall talk of them when you sit in your house and when you walk by the way and when you lie down and when you rise up. You shall bind them as a sign on your hand and they shall be as frontals on your forehead. And you shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates. (Deuteronomy 6: 4-9)
   Exodus 13: 1-16 also contains some of these statements. To obey this command Jews have the following traditions.
   • Love the Lord God (Adonai).
   • Study and speak about the Torah.
   • Recite them in the morning and evening.
   • Teach the mitzvot (divine commandments) to their children.
   • Tefillin. Put on the Tefillin. A small black leather cube box that contains a piece of parchment with the words of the SHMA which commands them to bind the words on the hand and forehead. One is attached to the forehead and the other to the left arm with straps. The Greek word for this box is a Phylactery.
   • Mezuzah. Write them on the doorpost (mezuzot) of their houses. The Mezuzah is a small scroll (klaf) written with the SHMA. It is placed in a box and attached to the doorpost at an angle pointing towards the room. The mezuzah is placed in the top third of the door post on the right side or the side without hinges on every door except a bathroom.
2. Deuteronomy 11: 13-31. It repeats the commands in Deuteronomy 6 and adds Blessings and Curses for obeying the covenant. The Reform movement objected to this idea of material reward and punishment and have removed it from their statements. Some just remove verses 22-31.
3. Numbers 15: 37-41. A method to remind them of the commandments. A blue color was used because the commandments were written on a blue sapphire stone. The Reform movement objected to any dress that made them look different from the secular world so they have deleted this tradition.
   The Lord spoke to Moses saying, "Speak to the sons of Israel, and tell them that they shall make for themselves tassels on the corners of their garments throughout their generations, and they shall put on the tassel of each corner a cord of blue. It shall be a tassel for you to look at and remember all the commandments of the Lord, so as to do them and not follow after your own heart and your own eyes, after which you played the harlot. So that you may remember to do all My commandments and be holy to your God. I am the Lord your God who brought you out from the land of Egypt to be your God; I am the Lord your God." (Numbers 15: 37-41).
   Tzitzit. They wear a blue fringe on their clothes to obey this command.

• Bar Mitzvah (Son of the Commandment). Boys become adults at the age of 13.
• Bat Mitzvah (Daughter of the Commandment). Girls become adults at the age of 12. This appears to be an American invention from the 1950's.

• Blood. Eating blood is forbidden. Meat is drained, salted and soaked to remove the blood.
• Milk. A baby goat should not be cooked in its mother's milk. This created the tradition of separating meat and dairy and has evolved into the practice of maintaining separate dishes and utensils for meat and dairy.
  Pareve. This is any food that is neutral. It is neither meat nor milk and can be eaten with either category.
• Animals. Only animals with split hooves and who chew the cud.
• Fish. Fish with scales and fins are approved.
• Birds. No scavengers or water fowl. Only the birds in a list of approved birds.

• Karpas. Vegetables dipped in salt water represents their bitter tears. (e.g. parsley)
• Chazeret. Bitter vegetables
• Choroset. Apple, nuts, spices. Represents the mortar used by the slaves to make bricks.
• Maror. Bitter herbs represents the bitterness of slavery. (e.g. horse raddish or romaine lettuce)
  
  The next two are on the seder plate, but are not eaten.
• Zeroa (Z'roa). Lamb shankbone to represent the Passover sacrifice. It is not eaten because animal sacrifices can no longer be done.
• Beitzah. Roasted egg. Mourning, sacrifice, spring and renewal. This item sounds like a pagan contamination of the service. It replaces another meat offering sacrificed for the festival.

• Make images and bow before them to worship them.
• Say repetitive prayers like the heathens.

• Praying to Mary.
• The rosary enforces ten prayers to Mary for one offered to God.
• Teaching that God would rather not hear from us. That we would have success with our petitions if we asked Mary to intercede for us.
• Bowing before statues of Mary and saints.
• Kissing the feet of statues.
• The titles of Mary. Coredeemer, savior, ark of the covenant, bride of the Holy Spirit and many other titles normally attributed to the exclusive work of God.
• The use of special objects and verbal formulas. For example, the Brown Scapular and the rosary.
• Shrines and pilgrimages which honor apparitions of Mary. Here are some annual statistics.
  • Guadalupe, Mexico. Fifteen to twenty million. On December 12, 1999, five million pilgrims went to Mexico to honor Our Lady of Guadalupe.
  • Lourdes. Five and a half million.
  • Czestochowa, Poland. Five million.
  • Fatima, Portugal. Four and a half million. On October 13 approximately one million attend.
• In 1826, a Spanish school master was hanged for heresy because he substituted "Praise be to God" for "ave maria".

• Threatened. They have been directly told to give up their religion for another.
• Never Deny Faith. They resist by passive means but they can never deny their faith.
• Submit. When they are captured, they submit to death without violent resistance.
• Killed. They are murdered because they practice their faith in spite of the threat.
• Courage. They have a bold courage that does not make them shrink from capture. Daniel opened his window and prayed openly to God instead of hiding and praying even though either action did not cause him to directly worship another god. But if he had stopped praying openly to God, it might have signaled to those around him that he was willing to submit to the new law. So the faithful cannot submit to false worship by either a direct action like bowing before an idol, or by passive compliance or appearing to submit.
• Not a Homicide. He did not provoke or deliberately cause the enemy to attack in order to be killed.
• Not a Suicide. Does not kill himself.

• Seven Branched. This is the design of the official menorah sanctioned by God. (Exodus 25: 31-40)
• Nine Branched Hanukkah Menorah (Chanukiah). This is the candle used at Hanukkah to celebrate the miracle of the oil. It has eight small candles in a row and a ninth candle in a separate holder called the shamash candle or servant light. It is used to light the other candles.
  Since there is no official temple in Jerusalem and Jews are forbidden to perform temple services in any other place, the seven branched candle stick cannot be used officially. This absence of an official temple is also the same reason why Jews do not perform animal sacrifices. So Jews use this menorah to also remember their heritage and the temple. (That is what a rabbi told me.) The use of this candle started around the first century before Christ and before the destruction of the second temple.

1. Jesus Christ. A Jew who lived in Palestine during the reign of Tiberius Caesar around 29 AD He was crucified by the Romans.
2. Shimon Bar-Kokhba. The leader of the Jewish revolt against Rome between 132 and 135.
3. Shabbetai Zvi. Turkish Jew around the year 1665 and 1666.

Second Coming		Millennium	Third Coming
Righteous Resurrected		1000 Years		Wicked Resurrected
Premillennial Period		Reign of Christ	Postmillennial Period

• On Earth
• In Heaven

Normal History		Second Coming	Millennium Peace in Heaven
			Earth Destroyed

Normal History		Second Coming	Millennium
			Peace on Earth

Normal History	-	Millennium		Second Coming
		Peace on Earth

• Unknown Law. God uses an unknown law or takes advantage of errors we have in our understanding.
• Known Law. God uses known laws, but manipulates variables on a grand scale.
• Suspends Laws. God suspends physical laws and works with the underlying matter or system to create a different outcome.

1. The Joyful Mysteries. These are events related to the birth of Jesus.
   • The Annunciation. Gabriel announced the birth.
   • The Visitation. Mary visited her cousin Elizabeth in the sixth month of Elizabeth's pregnancy.
   • The Birth. of Jesus Christ.
   • The Presentation. Simeon saw the infant in the temple at His circumcision.
   • The Finding in the temple. Jesus at the age of 12. He was lost by His parents.
2. The Sorrowful Mysteries are events related to the crucifixion.
   • The Agony in the garden. The Garden of Gethsemane where Jesus sweats blood.
   • The Scourging at the pillar. Jesus was beaten.
   • The Crown of Thorns. A crown of thorns was placed on His head. This was to mock the claim that He was king.
   • Carrying the cross. Jesus carried the cross on the way to His crucifixion.
   • The Crucifixion. The death of Jesus.
3. The Glorious Mysteries are events after the resurrection
   • The Resurrection. Jesus rose from the dead.
   • The Ascension. Jesus went to heaven.
   • The Holy Ghost at Pentecost. The descent of the Holy Spirit.
   • The Assumption of Mary. The belief that she rose bodily into heaven.
   • The Coronation of Mary. As queen of heaven and earth.

• United States. This will be the final power to which all military power and governments will submit. The bible does predict an attempt at one religion but it does not predict a one world government. In fact the world will be divided at the end of time, but one nation will dominate the rest and do whatever it desires. We now live in such a dynamic.
• Catholic Church. They will control Europe and use the United States to help it to establish a global religion.
• Occult. Interest in the occult forces will influence the global population. This could be as a result of the work of the Rosicrucians and Masons as much as the influence of the Harry Potter books.

We believe in one God. The Father Almighty. Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible.
And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the only begotten, begotten of the Father before all ages. Light of Light; true God of true God; begotten not made; of one essence with the Father, by whom all things were made; who for us men and for our salvation came down from heaven, and was incarnate of the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary, and became man.

And He was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate, and suffered, and was buried. And the third day He rose again according to the Scriptures; and ascended into heaven, and sits at the right hand of the Father; and he shall come again with glory to judge the living and the dead; whose Kingdom shall have no end.

And (We believe) in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the Giver of Life, who proceeds from the Father: who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified: who spoke by the prophets.

In one Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church.
I acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins. I look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen.

1. Believe
   • Costs:   Significant, but finite. Let us agree that you have to give up some things. ("Take up your cross and follow me." It does not sound easy.)
   • Win:   (God exists): an "infinity of an infinitely happy life."
   • Lose:   (God does not exist): Big deal! You never even find out that you were wrong. And in this life you are much better off. The costs in this life were the only ones that you incur (offering, being kinder to your enemy, charitable works, lifestyle changes).
2. Do not believe
   • Costs:   Let us assume that they are not great.
   • Win:   (God does not exist): Big deal ... You never even find out you were right.
   • Lose:   (God exists): You lose everything that God has to offer or even worse ... hell.

• Verifies the death of the pope by calling his Christian name three times and tapping on his head with a silver hammer.
• Authorizes a death certificate.
• Seals the pope's private compartments.
• Makes arrangements to break the papal ring and seal.
• Arranges for the burial of the pope and the nine days of mourning (novemdiales).
• Counts the votes during the conclave.

• Cardinals. All cardinals under eighty years old are eligible to be a part of the conclave. There is a maximum of 120. In 1975, Paul VI made the age rule. This is the group that meets to elect a new pope. The possible candidates are called "parabili", and can be elected from any baptized male Catholic under eighty. But he is usually elected from the group of cardinals.
• Conclave Meets. Fifteen to twenty days after the death of a pope the cardinals meet in the Sistine chapel to select a pope. They take an oath of secrecy and must have no contact with the outside world during the voting. Starting in 2005, they will meet in new lodgings in the Domus Sanctae Marthae.
• Voting. The vote is secret. The words "Eligo in summum pontificem" which means "I elect as supreme pontiff ..." are written on the ballot. The name is written with a disguised handwriting. The ballot is folded twice and placed in a 25 inch (62 cm) covered gold cup. They vote once on the afternoon of the first day. Then there are two votes in the morning and two in the afternoon session, until the first nine votes are made.
• Counting the Votes. The Cardinal Camerlengo and three other cardinals process the votes. They shake then count all unopened ballots. The unopened ballots are burned if everyone does not vote. As the names are read and counted, the ballots are strung on a needle and thread. If one person does not get a two thirds majority plus one, the voting continues.
• Voting Again. If there is no successful vote after the nine votes on the three days, the conclave takes a one day break to pray. Then they have three series of seven ballots plus another day of prayer. If there is no successful ballot after four cycles of voting (thirty unsuccessful votes in twelve days of voting), then the new pope can be chosen with an absolute majority (A fifty percent majority plus one). Candidates can also be limited to the last top two.
• Successful Ballot. All ballots are burned twice each day at the end of each session, not after every count. White smoke rises from the chimney of the chapel when a successful ballot is burned. As of 2005, bells will also ring. The smoke is black with an unsuccessful ballot. Since 1978, chemicals have been used to achieve this color. But in the past, wet straw was used to create the black smoke and dry straw was used to create white smoke.
• New Pope. The dean of the college of cardinals asks him if he accepts and then asks him for his new name. He is then Pontifex Maximus, The Holy Roman Pontiff. Within two hours of the vote he goes to "the room of tears" and gets dressed in his white papal robes and is greeted by the cardinals with a sign of homage and obedience.
• Introduction to the Public. On the central balcony of St. Peter's basilica, the cardinal protodeacon (senior cardinal deacon) presents the new pope to the crowd with these words. "Habemus papam". We have a pope.
• Greets the Crowd. He gives his first blessing to the people, "to the city and to the world" "Urbi et Orbi".

• Apostolic Constitution. It is the highest level of decree issued by the Pope. The use of the term constitution comes from Latin constitutio, which referred to any important law issued by the Roman emperor,
• Papal Bull. A particular type of letters patent or charter issued by a Pope and is the format in which a decree of the Pope appears. It has a lead seal but may also be gold. It was the exclusive letter format from the Vatican until the 14th century. It is named after the lead seal (bulla) that was appended to the end in order to authenticate it.
• Papal Brief. They appeared after the 14th century and is a less formal form of papal communication and is authenticated with a wax impression (now a red ink impression) of the Ring of the Fisherman. Now most letters, including encyclicals, are issued as briefs.
• Encyclical. A circulating letter issued by the pope to Catholics.
• Canon Law. It is the system of laws and legal principles enforced to regulate its organizations, government and activities toward the mission of the Church. It includes laws, courts, lawyers, judges, penalties which covers all human conditions. It is civilly binding where they can get away with this.
• Roman Law. The inheritance that the canon law was received from Roman law which is the legal system of ancient Rome.

It is our duty to praise the Master of all, to ascribe greatness to the Molder of primeval creation, for He has not made us like the nations of the lands and has not emplaced us like the families of the earth; for He has not assigned our portion like theirs nor our lot like all their multitudes.
For they bow to vanity and emptiness and pray to a g-d which helps not
But we bend our knees, bow, and acknowledge our thanks before the King Who reigns over kings, the Holy One, Blessed is He.
He stretches out heaven and establishes earth's foundation, the seat of His homage is in the heavens above and His powerful Presence is in the loftiest heights.
He is our G-d and there is none other. True is our King, there is nothing beside Him, as it is written in His Torah: 'You are to know this day and take to your heart that Hashem is the only G-d--in heaven above and on the earth below--there is none other.
Therefore we put our hope in You, Hashem our G-d, that we may soon see Your mighty splendor, to remove detestable idolatry from the earth, and false g-ds will be utterly cut off, to perfect the universe through the Almighty's sovereignty.
Then all humanity will call upon Your Name, to turn all the earth's wicked toward You.
All the world's inhabitants will recognize and know that to You every knee should bend, every tongue should swear.
Before You, Hashem, our G-d, they will bend every knee and cast themselves down and to the glory of Your Name they will render homage, and they will all accept upon themselves the yoke of Your kingship that You may reign over them soon and eternally.
For the kingdom is Yours and You will reign for all eternity in glory as it is written in your Torah: Hashem shall reign for all eternity.
And it is said: Hashem will be King over all the world--on that day Hashem will be One and His Name will be One.

1. For the sin that we have sinned before You under duress and willingly;
2. And for the sin that we have sinned before You through hardness of heart.
3. For the sin that we have sinned before You without knowledge;
4. And for the sin that we have sinned before You with the utterance of our lips.
5. For the sin that we have sinned before You in public or in private;
6. And for the sin that we have sinned before You through immorality.
7. For the sin that we have sinned before You through harsh speech;
8. And for the sin that we have sinned before You with knowledge and deceit.
9. For the sin that we have sinned before You through inner thoughts;
10. And for the sin that we have sinned before You through wronging a neighbor.
11. For the sin that we have sinned before You through insincere confession;
12. And for the sin that we have sinned against You in a session of vice.
13. For the sin that we have sinned before You willfully and carelessly;
14. And for the sin that we have sinned before You by showing contempt for parents and teachers.
15. For the sin we have sinned before You by exercising power;
16. And for the sin we have sinned before You through desecration of the name.
17. For the sin that we have sinned before You through foolish speech;
18. And for the sin that we have sinned before You through impure lips.
19. For the sin that we have sinned before You with evil inclination;
20. And for the sin that we have sinned before You against those who know and against those who do not know.
    For all these, O God of forgiveness Forgive us, pardon us, atone for us.
21. For the sin that we have sinned before You by causing subservience through bribery.
22. And for the sin that we have sinned before You through denial and false promise.
23. For the sin that we have sinned before You through evil talk;
24. And for the sin that we have sinned before You through scorning.
25. For the sin that we have sinned before You in commercial dealings;
26. And for the sin that we have sinned before You with food and drink.
27. For the sin we have sinned before You through interest and extortion;
28. And for the sin we have sinned before You through haughtiness.
29. For the sin we have sinned before You with prying eyes;
30. And for the sin we have sinned before You with idle chatter of our lips.
31. For the sin we have sinned before You with haughty eyes;
32. And for the sin we have sinned before You with brazenness.
    For all these, o God of forgiveness, Forgive us, pardon us, atone for us.
33. For the sin we have sinned before You for throwing off ( Your ) yoke;
34. And for the sin we have sinned before You in Judgment.
35. For the sin we have sinned before You through entrapping a neighbor;
36. And for the sin we have sinned before You through a begrudging eye.
37. For the sin we have sinned before You through light-headedness;
38. And for the sin we have sinned before You with obstinacy.
39. For the sin we have sinned before You with legs that run to do evil;
40. And for the sin we have sinned before You by gossip-mongering.
41. For the sin we have sinned before You by vain oath-taking;
42. And for the sin we have sinned before You through baseless hatred.
43. For the sin we have sinned before You in the matter of extending a hand;
44. And for the sin we have sinned before You through confusion of heart.
    For all these, O God of forgiveness, Forgive us, pardon us, atone for us.

1. THE GOD OF HISTORY. Blessed are you, O Lord our God and God of our fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob, the great, mighty and revered God, the Most High God who bestows lovingkindnesses, the creator of all things, who remembers the good deeds of the patriarchs and in love will bring a redeemer to their children's children for his name's sake. O king, helper, savior and shield. Blessed are you, O Lord, the shield of Abraham.
2. THE GOD OF NATURE. You, O Lord, are mighty forever, you revive the dead, you have the power to save.
   [Insert from the end of Sukkot until the eve of Passover:] You cause the wind to blow and the rain to fall.
   You sustain the living with lovingkindness, you revive the dead with great mercy, you support the falling, heal the sick, set free the bound and keep faith with those who sleep in the dust. Who is like you, O doer of mighty acts? Who resembles you, a king who puts to death and restores to life, and causes salvation to flourish? And you are certain to revive the dead. Blessed are you, O Lord, who revives the dead.
3. SANCTIFICATION OF GOD.
   [Reader.] We will sanctify your name in this world just as it is sanctified in the highest heavens, as it is written by your prophet: "And they call out to one another and say:
   [Congregation.] 'Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of hosts; the whole earth is full of his glory.'" (Isaiah 6: 3)
   [Reader.] Those facing them praise God saying:
   [Congregation.] "Blessed be the Presence of the LORD in his place." (Ezekiel 3: 12)
   [Reader.] And in your Holy Words it is written, saying,
   [Congregation.] "The LORD reigns forever, your God, O Zion, throughout all generations. Hallelujah." (Psalm 146: 10)
   [Reader.] Throughout all generations we will declare your greatness, and to all eternity we will proclaim your holiness. Your praise, O our God, shall never depart from our mouth, for you are a great and holy God and King. Blessed are you, O Lord, the holy God. You are holy, and your name is holy, and holy beings praise you daily. (Selah.) Blessed are you, O Lord, the holy God.
4. PRAYER FOR UNDERSTANDING. You favor men with knowledge, and teach mortals understanding. O favor us with the knowledge, the understanding and the insight that come from you. Blessed are you, O Lord, the gracious giver of knowledge.
5. FOR REPENTANCE. Bring us back, O our father, to your Instruction; draw us near, O our King, to your service; and cause us to return to you in perfect repentance. Blessed are you, O Lord, who delights in repentance.
6. FOR FORGIVENESS. Forgive us, O our Father, for we have sinned; pardon us, O our King, for we have transgressed; for you pardon and forgive. Blessed are you, O Lord, who is merciful and always ready to forgive.
7. FOR DELIVERANCE FROM AFFLICTION. Look upon our affliction and plead our cause, and redeem us speedily for your name's sake, for you are a mighty redeemer. Blessed are you, O Lord, the redeemer of Israel.
8. FOR HEALING. Heal us, O Lord, and we will be healed; save us and we will be saved, for you are our praise. O grant a perfect healing to all our ailments, for you, almighty King, are a faithful and merciful healer. Blessed are you, O Lord, the healer of the sick of his people Israel.
9. FOR DELIVERANCE FROM WANT. Bless this year for us, O Lord our God, together with all the varieties of its produce, for our welfare. Bestow ([from the 15th of Nissan insert:] dew and rain for) a blessing upon the face of the earth. O satisfy us with your goodness, and bless our year like the best of years. Blessed are you, O Lord, who blesses the years.
10. FOR GATHERING OF EXILES. Sound the great shofar for our freedom, raise the ensign to gather our exiles, and gather us from the four corners of the earth. Blessed are you, O Lord, who gathers the dispersed of his people Israel.
11. FOR THE RIGHTEOUS REIGN OF GOD. Restore our judges as in former times, and our counselors as at the beginning; and remove from us sorrow and sighing. Reign over us, you alone, O Lord, with lovingkindness and compassion, and clear us in judgment. Blessed are you, O Lord, the King who loves righteousness and justice.
12. FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF APOSTATES AND THE ENEMIES OF GOD. Let there be no hope for slanderers, and let all wickedness perish in an instant. May all your enemies quickly be cut down, and may you soon in our day uproot, crush, cast down and humble the dominion of arrogance. Blessed are you, O Lord, who smashes enemies and humbles the arrogant.
13. FOR THE RIGHTEOUS AND PROSELYTES. May your compassion be stirred, O Lord our God, towards the righteous, the pious, the elders of your people the house of Israel, the remnant of their scholars, towards proselytes, and towards us also. Grant a good reward to all who truly trust in your name. Set our lot with them forever so that we may never be put to shame, for we have put our trust in you. Blessed are you, O Lord, the support and stay of the righteous.
14. FOR THE REBUILDING OF JERUSALEM. Return in mercy to Jerusalem your city, and dwell in it as you have promised. Rebuild it soon in our day as an eternal structure, and quickly set up in it the throne of David. Blessed are you, O Lord, who rebuilds Jerusalem.
15. FOR THE MESSIANIC KING. Speedily cause the offspring of your servant David to flourish, and let him be exalted by your saving power, for we wait all day long for your salvation. Blessed are you, O Lord, who causes salvation to flourish.
16. FOR THE ANSWERING OF PRAYER. Hear our voice, O Lord our God; spare us and have pity on us. Accept our prayer in mercy and with favor, for you are a God who hears prayers and supplications. O our King, do not turn us away from your presence empty-handed, for you hear the prayers of your people Israel with compassion. Blessed are you, O Lord, who hears prayer.
17. FOR RESTORATION OF TEMPLE SERVICE. Be pleased, O Lord our God, with your people Israel and with their prayers. Restore the service to the inner sanctuary of your Temple, and receive in love and with favor both the fire-offerings of Israel and their prayers. May the worship of your people Israel always be acceptable to you. And let our eyes behold your return in mercy to Zion. Blessed are you, O Lord, who restores his divine presence to Zion.
18. THANKSGIVING FOR GOD'S UNFAILING MERCIES. We give thanks to you that you are the Lord our God and the God of our fathers forever and ever. Through every generation you have been the rock of our lives, the shield of our salvation. We will give you thanks and declare your praise for our lives that are committed into your hands, for our souls that are entrusted to you, for your miracles that are daily with us, and for your wonders and your benefits that are with us at all times, evening, morning and noon. O beneficent one, your mercies never fail; O merciful one, your lovingkindnesses never cease. We have always put our hope in you. For all these acts may your name be blessed and exalted continually, O our King, forever and ever. Let every living thing give thanks to you and praise your name in truth, O God, our salvation and our help. (Selah.) Blessed are you, O Lord, whose Name is the Beneficent One, and to whom it is fitting to give thanks.
19. FOR PEACE. Grant peace, welfare, blessing, grace, lovingkindness and mercy to us and to all Israel your people. Bless us, O our Father, one and all, with the light of your countenance; for by the light of your countenance you have given us, O Lord our God, a Torah of life, lovingkindness and salvation, blessing, mercy, life and peace. May it please you to bless your people Israel at all times and in every hour with your peace. Blessed are you, O Lord, who blesses his people Israel with peace.

Be favorable, Hashem, our G-d, toward Your people Yisrael and their prayer,
and restore the service to the Holy of Holies of Your Temple.
The fire-offerings of Yisrael and their prayer accept with love and favor,
and may the service of Your people Yisrael always be favorable to You.
May our eyes behold Your return to Tziyon in compassion.
Blessed are You, Hashem, Who restores His Presence unto Tziyon

Our Father, our King, teach us how to make this year a new beginning. Our Mother, our Queen, teach us how to grow from the harshness of life. Our Source and our Destiny, teach us how to accept what we must accept. Our Guide and our Truth, teach us to change what must be changed.
Our Father, our King, teach us how to face disease and death. Our Mother, our Queen, teach us how to enjoy the gifts of life. Our Source and our Destiny, teach us how to make peace with our enemies. Our Guide and our Truth, teach us how we can best help our people, Israel.
Our Father, our King, teach us how we can best help all humanity. Our Mother, our Queen, let us find pardon for our wrongdoings. Our Source and our Destiny, let us return to You, wholly and completely. Our Guide and our Truth, teach us how to help those who are ill.
Our Father, our King, let us write our names in the Book of Life. Our Mother, our Queen, help us to find meaningful work. Our Source and our Destiny, help us to find inner freedom. Our Guide and our Truth, help us to learn how to love.
Our Father, our King, receive our prayers. Our Mother, our Queen, teach us how to be good lovers. Our Source and our Destiny, teach us how to be good parents. Our Guide and our Truth, teach us how to be good children.
Our Father, our King, teach us how to be good friends. Our Mother, our Queen, teach us how to be good Jews. Our Source and our Destiny, teach us how to be good people. Our Guide and our Truth, teach us how to be one with Your universe.

Grant us justice and bring us salvation, Grant us justice and loving kindness and bring us salvation.

We shall ascribe holiness to this day. For it is awesome and terrible.
Your kingship is exalted upon it. Your throne is established in mercy.
You are enthroned upon it in truth.
In truth You are the judge, The exhorter, the all-knowing, the witness,
He who inscribes and seals, Remembering all that is forgotten.
You open the book of remembrance Which proclaims itself,
And the seal of each person is there.
The great shofar is sounded, A still small voice is heard.
The angels are dismayed, They are seized by fear and trembling
As they proclaim: Behold the Day of Judgment!
For all the hosts of heaven are brought for judgment. They shall not be guiltless in Your eyes
And all creatures shall parade before You as a troop. As a shepherd herds his flock,
Causing his sheep to pass beneath his staff, So do You cause to pass, count, and record,
Visiting the souls of all living, Decreeing the length of their days, Inscribing their judgment.
On Rosh Hashanah it is inscribed, And on Yom Kippur it is sealed.
How many shall pass away and how many shall be born,
Who shall live and who shall die,
Who shall reach the end of his days and who shall not,
Who shall perish by water and who by fire,
Who by sword and who by wild beast,
Who by famine and who by thirst,
Who by earthquake and who by plague,
Who by strangulation and who by stoning,
Who shall have rest and who shall wander,
Who shall be at peace and who shall be pursued,
Who shall be at rest and who shall be tormented,
Who shall be exalted and who shall be brought low,
Who shall become rich and who shall be impoverished.
But repentance, prayer and righteousness avert the severe decree.

For Your praise is in accordance with Your name. You are difficult to anger and easy to appease. For You do not desire the death of the condemned, but that he turn from his path and live. Until the day of his death You wait for him. Should he turn, You will receive him at once. In truth You are their Creator and You understand their inclination, for they are but flesh and blood. The origin of man is dust, his end is dust. He earns his bread by exertion and is like a broken shard, like dry grass, a withered flower, like a passing shadow and a vanishing cloud, like a breeze that blows away and dust that scatters, like a dream that flies away. But You are King, God who lives for all eternity! There is no limit to Your years, no end to the length of Your days, no measure to the hosts of Your glory, no understanding the meaning of Your Name. Your Name is fitting unto You and You are fitting unto it, and our name has been called by Your Name. Act for the sake of Your Name and sanctify Your Name through those who sanctity Your Name.

May we merit to accept Ol Malchut Shamayim and understand the "Tshuva" that is required of us, and to bring the redemption swiftly and gloriously without needless suffering. "May it be a year of the full revelation, the "knowledge of HaShem" that will flood all of reality with the revelation of Moshiach, Amen.

• Catholic Rosary. Five or fifteen sets of ten beads (decades).
• Hindu Malas. 108 beads plus one.
• Buddhist Mala. 108 beads and a tassel. It represents the earthly desires that we must overcome.
• Moslem beads (Subha or Tasbih). 99 beads, one leader bead and a tassel. They represent the names of God.
• Baha'i. 95 beads with a tail of five beads. This is for 95 repetitions of Allah'u'Abha that is required every day.
• Orthodox Prayer Beads (Chotki, Komboschini, Broyanitasa). Uses beads or ropes with knots. The number includes 33, 50, 100 or 300 beads. They are used to count the prayer. "Lord Jesus Christ, Son of the Living God, have mercy on me, a sinner". In Russia it is used to count the number of prostrations.
• Anglican Rosary. Started in the 1980's. It includes a cross and 33 beads. This is the age of Christ at this death.
  One large invitatory bead at the beginning used as a call to prayer.
  Four larger beads called the cruciform bead because they represent the shape of a cross. They also separate the sets of seven beads.
  Four sets of seven beads (called weeks).
• New Age Earth Rosary. Four sets of thirteen beads representing the four seasons and the thirteen weeks in each season.

• Autumn Rain (Early or Former Rain). The beginning of the rainy season when the seed is planted.
• Spring Rain (Late or Latter Rain). The end of the rainy season when the harvest comes in.

Spring				Summer	Autumn
Late Rain				Dry Season	Early Rain			Rain
	Barley Harvest		Wheat Harvest	2000+ years			Fruit Harvest	Ploughing
	Old Covenant	Pentecost		Persecution	Tabernacles			1000 Years
Ploughing		Early Spiritual Rain		-	Late Spiritual Rain			Rapture

• Former Rain. When this occurred on the day Pentecost the disciples were given miraculous gifts. The first was the gift of tongues. They were able to speak in at least 16 languages of Jews from the surrounding nations who had come to Jerusalem for the feast. 3000 people were converted to Christianity that day. (Acts 2) The early church ploughed the field and planted the seeds. Sometimes they watered it with their blood.
• Latter Rain (Rain in the Latter Days). This will occur at the end of time. It will most likely occur during the feast of Tabernacles because that is when the autumn rain occurs.

1. First Class. These are the bodies or body parts of the saints, martyrs and the apostles. These can be bones, head, finger, corpse, skin, ashes, limbs, toe nails, foreskin, tears, sweat, hair, teeth or any part of the body.
2. Second Class. These are objects that touched the living saints and have become sanctified. They can be objec s that they used or objects that killed them or imprisoned them. Chains, wood from the cross, ropes, nails, bullets, clothes, underwear, furniture, houses, cups and spoons.
3. Third Class. Modern objects like pieces of cloth that have been touched to a first or second class relic. These can be sold.
   Therefore, this is an example only. If you bought one yard of fabric for $3.00 and touched it with the finger nail of Mary, then it could be cut up into 1620 one inch squares and sold for $1.00 or more each. In addition, this could be worshipped.

The Seventh Ecumenical Council (787 AD) Condemned "those who dare to reject any one of the things which are entrusted to the Church, the Gospel, or the sign of the cross, or any pictorial representation, or the holy relics of a martyr".

The Council of Trent. Asks bishops and pastors to instruct their flocks that "the holy bodies of saintly martyrs and others now living with Christ are to be venerated by the faithful, for through these bodies many benefits are bestowed by God on men;

so that they who affirmed that veneration and honor are not due to the relics of Saints, or that these and other sacred monuments are uselessly honored by the faithful, . . . are wholly to be condemned, as the Church has already long since condemned and now also condemns them".

• Plurality. There are many gods who govern different attributes. Or, even in monotheistic religions, the one god has many names associated with his attributes.
• Satan. There is a satanic figure, a serpent who is linked to a primordial, salty sea.
• The Dead. A place for the dead and a present or future heaven and hell.
• Messengers. Messengers or angels.
• A Dying God. One powerful being kills another. Christianity might be unique in that God is immortal, and our dying God voluntarily gave up His life so that He could give life back to Himself.
• God in human form. In pagan religions these gods sin and have no control over evil.
• Battle of the gods. There is a battle that either started at the beginning, is continuing and will be completed at the end.
• Messiah. Most have a messianic figure who will wipe out evil and restart a golden era.
• Sacrifice. The requirement of a blood sacrifice and grain offerings.
• Five Ages. There are five cycles of time. Sometimes there are four with the fifth as a destruction.

1. Venerable. The title given to a dead person who lived a life of heroic virtues.
2. Blessed. The title given to a dead person after a beatification procedure is done for one who has showed charity and heroic virtues and must have one miracle acquired through them after an intercession to them. This process of investigation and verification normally takes five years.
3. Saint. The title given to a dead person after a canonization procedure and two miracles attributable to them. A martyr does not require any miracles.

• Tongues. Some believe that we must have the Holy Spirit and the only evidence of this is speaking in tongues.
• Baptism. Some believe we must be baptized to be saved.
• Fruits of the spirit. Some believe that if you are saved that you will show it by the changes in your behavior.