Form Follows Function. All Bible Science Models Look and Function Like Nature's Model
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Previous claims to the bible not contradicting science were based on man reporting what he saw with his two eyes in nature in the macroscopic world.
This is an entry in a series of Torah science lessons which tend to show how a religious symbol can be understood even better by looking at the microscopic and detail findings of modern science.
The Science Pattern Design And Laws
Following are the natural behaviors of four animals, three are used in scripture to represent some aspect of the religious world.
- Dove. It was used for the offering of the poor and is symbol of the Holy Spirit.
- Eagle. Although it is an unclean animal, it is one of the faces of the cherubim and God symbolizes His work in the final days and some other aspects of Himself as an eagle.
- Snake. It is used to symbolize the actions of Satan. However, in two places it is used by God to represent how He will destroy evil by forming the mirror image of evil.
He looks the same but He is opposite in nature.
Jesus on the cross is compared to a serpent that would heal when we looked at Him.
This was because, He took on our sins and became sin.
Moses turned a rod into a snake that swallowed up the evil snakes and gives us a picture of what occurred at the cross.
Jesus Christ disguised Himself as a snake, the greatest of all sinners, and went into Sheol to defeat the snakes.
- Monarch Butterfly. In January 2009 about 2 weeks after receiving the stunning Torah Science information, I was listening to Public television when I heard this remarkable tale of the migration of the monarch buttrfly and could not help seeing all the biblical symbolism and biblical timelines in the story.
This triggered my investigation into the dove and eagle.
Dove [Streptopelia]: Life Cycle and Migration
Israel is a popular migration location for many species. Every spring and fall over 500 million birds from over 230 species fly in their annual migration through the natural flight corridor between Europe and Africa in Israel.
This migration reflects the future human migration of every tribe and nation to Israel during the spring and fall festivals.
It even obeys the laws of one way human migration through the north and south doors of the sanctuary given by Ezekiel.
People must go one way and then return in the other direction. Birds on migration must go in one way and return the other direction.
The dove is also the offering given by the poor. Therefore it represents Christ.
The spring migration of the dove is a blueprint of the spring migration or exodus of the Messiah at Passover. The fall migration is the exodus of the church at the end of time.
The article on the Missouri mourning dove migration perfectly describes the actions of Christ.
- Spring Migration. Doves migrate north from Africa to Europe, passing over Israel to reach natal areas from the previous year.
Christ also returned to His home in heaven after the crucifixion.
- Breeding Territories and Nesting Sites. Missouri doves nest from late March to early September.
Doves are attracted to particular sites for nesting. They make nests in holes, cliffs, on rocks or in trees.
- Orchard (Garden of Gethsemane). Nesting sites attract more doves when surrounded by bare ground.
- Dead Tree (Cross). Males establish breeding territories by calling from exposed branches in dead trees.
- Ground (Grave). In areas with open grassland, they nest on the ground.
- Holes in a Cliff (Grave). This was where the dead were buried.
Christ nested in the olive orchards of Gethsemane before He perched on the cross, exposed before the world. Here He mourned and called pitifully over Jerusalem and Israel, His territory.
Finally He was taken down to nest on the ground among the grass and then in a cave for burial. Grass is a symbol of the temporary lives of people.
- Male Doves. The male selects the nest site, chases away predators and rivals and assists the female.
- Monogamous. Doves are monogamous, reflecting the ideal from Eden.
The eagle is the only other bird that represents God and it is also monogamous.
- Incubation. Males incubate the eggs during the day and the females incubate them at night.
- Pigeon Milk. He feeds the babies. Both adult male and females produce pigeon milk in their crop gland.
Christ is monogamous, faithful to one wife, Israel. He nurtures and feeds the church.
- Nests.
Doves build very flimsy nests with just two or three twigs on a horizontal branch.
They generally have two eggs which are incubated for fourteen days. Babies are weaned from "pigeon milk" to seeds seven days after they are hatched and leave the nest seven days later.
28 Day Maturation Cycle |
14 Days | Birth | 7 Days | Weaned | 7 Days | Leave Nest |
Eggs Incubated | Pigeon Milk | Seeds |
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» Seven Nests.
Most other birds stop reproducing after the first successful nest, but doves resume egg laying a few days after the young leave.
They average five nests per year, but can have as many as seven nesting attempts.
So the doves breed and mature in one month!
» The Seven Last Churches. Seven series of churches were established by Christ, corresponding to the seven months from Nisan to Tishri.
When the life cycle of the dove is superimposed on the lunar cycle, it helps to understand the prophecy of the seven churches even more.
Seven nests of doves were born to Christ between Passover and Tabernacles.
The two eggs are the two branches of the church, Jews and Gentiles.
The flimsy nest made with two twigs is the patibulum (upright post) and stipes (cross bar) of the cross. The third twig is probably the titulus.
Even the average of five nests reflects the law that at least five chances are given before God stops the evil.
Seven represents the perfect cycle for the will of God to be completed.
It is actually completed in a cycle of 5 + 5 + 2 phases.
- Food Source.
Harvesting crops, such as corn and wheat, leaves behind waste grain, as an important food source.
» Harvest. The feet of doves are constructed so that they cannot damage the crops at any time.
They cannot scratch or dig the soil so they cannot uproot seeds or damage seedlings.
They cannot cling to upright stalks to eat the seeds that still cling to them or to break the stalk.
Christ does not damage the harvest, He came to bring in the best harvest.
» Seeds. They can only eat waste seeds that have fallen to the ground after the harvest.
Jesus Christ often fed Himself by the law which makes provision for the care of the poor.
Property owners were supposed to leave the gleanings or the fallen grain of their harvest for the poor (Leviticus 19: 9-10).
» Water. They seek water in midmorning and late evening.
At the crucifixion Christ was given a drink two times. First in the morning just before He was crucified. Then in the afternoon after it was dark.
- Life Span. They reproduce at a high rate and live a short time. Christ died young but He fathered seven series of churches.
- Fall Migration. The first signs of winter trigger an instinct to fly south, leaving by October 15. They migrate from Europe to Africa via a natural flyway through Israel.
This journey mimics the same one way journey through the sanctuary from the north and south.
The Second Coming will be in the fall at the Feast of Tabernacles.
Eagle [Accipitridae]: Life Cycle
The eagle is the second bird to which God compares Himself.
Unlike the dove, it is an unclean animal with some habits that symbolize the unsavory work that God must do to destroy sin.
The eagle represents how the family of God behaves in an imperfect world before sin is erased.
- Monogamous. Eagles mate for life.
- Nests. They build huge nests in large trees near rivers or coastal waters. Males and females take turns incubating the eggs and feeding the babies.
- Chicks. Five to ten days after fertilization, two or three eggs are laid two days apart and incubated for 35 days.
So the birth process takes 40 to 45 days or an average of 42 days.
- Sibling Rivalry. They are born in the order they are hatched. This means that one chick is always bigger than the other and the older chick usually tries to monopolize the food and attack the younger one. The adults do not try to protect the chicks from each other.
» Jews and Gentiles. It is a symbol of the animosity and rivalry between the two branches of the church.
As a clever part of the Plan of Salvation, God has allowed this rivalry to continue. It allowed each group to jealously protect their religious traditions.
The relatively unspoiled traditions of the Jews will become extremely important at the end of time.
- The Nest (Decoration and Structure).
The male builds and decorates the nest. He will always rearrange anything that the female brings in.
Jesus is building a nest for us before He comes to get us.
- Green Leafy Branches. During incubation, the male regularly brings green sprigs of conifer branches to the nest. Scientists do not know why they exhibit this behavior.
» Sukkos. This seems to be the building of the sukkah during the Feast of Tabernacles.
It represents the fact that as we live in this cruel world, we must remember that we are just temporary inhabitants, living in a temporary shelter until God rescues us.
So succos is an incubation period, before we are born again or raptured.
It specifically prophecies that the sukkah will be built when the world reaches the phase where eagles rule. At this time God takes on the characteristics of an eagle to do His "strange work" while feeding His children and building the sukkah as they escape persecution.
- Fledgling. They can fly at about the age of 3 months, stay with the parents for another 2 months and try to find a mate at 4 or 5 years.
- Feet. The parents walk around with their feet curled up into balls so that their sharp talons will not pierce the egg or the chick.
There are prophecies and one text that show that in His closed hands He hides His power (Habakkuk 3: 4).
» Omnipotence. In several places we note the importance of the design of the feet of the Messiah. His feet are protected in the Most Holy Place. It is amazing to see an emphasis on foot design here.
I speculated that His feet were protected to reflect the fact that He had temporarily given up omnipresence.
Now I see that there is an added reason. It is not time to trample down the wicked, so He balls up His feet and hides His talons,
For the doves it means that they do not damage the harvest. For the eagle the protected harvest is the children.
For Jesus it means that it is not time to judge and wage war.
» Locking Talons. Eagles have a behavior that was once believed to be mating in air. However the reason behind the ritual is unknown.
They will lock their talons in mid air and will not let go, sometimes falling to the ground.
On the ground they will lay still for hours and will unlock their talons and fly away if they are touched.
Based on the spiritual symbol, I believe that is a fight over territory and dominance. It gave the right to be the official representative of earth that occurred at the crucifixion.
When He fell to the ground Christ lay dead until the Father called Him about a day later.
The action of the eagles also shows that Satan was also incapacitated until this judgment was made.
- Diet. It consists mainly of fish, small animals and carrion (dead flesh) in the winter.
» Feast of Birds. Jesus ate fish and at the end of time God calls the eagles to eat the flesh of the wicked dead during the winter phase of the world.
» Playing With Food. Eagles play a ball game. They will take their food and throw it back and forth to each other while flying.
» Stealing Food. Eagles love to try to steal food from each other.
Satan stole the territory of God by using forbidden fruit.
- Life Span. They generally live 30 years in the wild or as much as 40 years and they can live up to 50 years in captivity.
Jesus lived 33.5 years.
The King Snake [Lampropeltis getula]: Life Cycle
Jesus was viewed as a wicked Man by the mob that watched His crucifixion.
This view of Him is prophecied in scripture as being "a snake lifted up" who could heal.
Satan is traditionally the symbol of the snake, but in this battle to conquer that old serpent, Christ is seen as being transformed into a good serpent Who will crush and swallow the venomous snake like the serpent which Moses held when it swallowed all the snakes of Pharaoh.
In searching through the species of snakes, I found only one snake that best represents Christ, the common king snake.
- Characteristics. The king snake is a very gentle, curious and nonvenomous snake that lives in a wide variety of habitats.
- Striped Body. The snakes come in a variety of colors arranged in stripes and blotches.
Jesus was whipped, punched and beaten so that His body had bruises that resembled spots and stripes.
There are other prophecies that testified to His striped and spotted appearance.
- Life Cycle.
- Mating (Passover). Mating occurs in spring between March and June, beginning around Passover when Jesus was mated to the cross.
- Egg Laying (Shavu'ot). Eggs are laid between May to August, coinciding with Shavu'ot (Pentecost) when the first 3000 members of the church emerged.
- Maturity (3 to 4 Years). The young mature in the highly symbolic 3.5 year period. This mimics the prophecy that Jesus would minister for 3.5 years and God expects fruit in 3.5 years.
- Mother (Israel). The female has no more interest in the young after they are born. Israel lost the covenant after she showed no interest in the Messiah following another 3.5 years of ministering to the nation.
- Food. The king snake eats frogs, lizards, turtles, small rodents, its own shed skin and other snakes, including the venomous rattlesnakes, copperheads and coral snakes. It is even known to try to eat itself!
It can even swallow a snake that is longer than its own body by folding the snake in its belly.
» Ribcage. The design of the ribs helps the snake to swallow large objects. The ribs are only attached to the back bone, allowing it to spread open like wings.
From the prophecies, we know that Jesus was not allowed to be prophetically seen as the sin offering or as a goat or the serpent until He had separated from His mother.
We can also show that He was spread out like wings on the cross.
We can also show from the design of the rib cage that the backbone represents the father and the sternum represents the mother.
So when Jesus became the snake that would swallow up the great serpent, Satan, He detached Himself from His mother (sternum) before the three hours of darkness began on the cross. In this supernatural darkness He swallowed Satan whole and defeated him, casting him permanently to the earth as dung.
» Coils. The kingsnake is immune to the venom of the rattle snake.
It first bites the venomous snake and forms tight coils around it. Then it swallows the snake from head to tail.
The parallel lines of the boards and fabrics in the design of the sanctuary appears to represent coils.
The sanctuary shows both the destiny of the righteous and the wicked.
The Plan of Salvation seems to indicate that we are also swallowed up in his coils as He hides us from wrath.
Monarch Butterfly [Danaus plexippus]: Life Cycle and Migration
The life cycle of the monarch butterfly is a picture of the numbers, color sequences, time cycles and journeys during the judgment of the righteous.
All people are warned four times, then judgment is given on the fifth cycle.
The final week of Christ and the final generation fits this pattern, because both are transformed as they prepare for their exodus.
- Life Cycle.
A butterfly goes through four stages in its physical development, and outgrows and sheds its skin four times. The caterpillar disappears on the fifth cycle.
- Egg (4 Days). They are laid in spring and summer on a milkweed plant which is poisonous to most creatures. It lives on the yolk inside the egg.
The human race is living on a planet that is toxic to the rest of the universe. We exist on the resources available to our closed and quarantined system.
- Caterpillar or Larva (2 Weeks). It emerges after three to five days. Rapid growth causes it to shed its outer skin four times.
It has 6 true legs in the front, 10 prolegs in the back and a head capsule with 6 simple eyes and 9 brown rings around its body. It also stores the poisonous milkweed by eating the leaf.
» Hanging like a "J".
It spins a stalk and attaches to a tree and hangs upside down with its head down and curled in a "J" shape for 12 hours.
The DNA replication shows how Christ was spread in a "Y" position when viewed from the front. Here we see Him viewed from the side in a sagging position.
» Fish Hook. He was caught by a hook.
This position also looks like a shepherd's staff and is the position He appears when viewed from outside the earth.
His feet are attached to the earth and His head is bowed down in space.
It could even be the hours He spent under arrest with His hands bound and head sagging and forced to stand before His accusers.
» Convulsions. It jerks until the outer skin breaks off and molts, remaining in a green exoskeleton.
- Pupa or Chrysalis (2 Weeks). At this stage the caterpillar is blind.
Then over 10 days the metomorphosis occurs as it becomes a butterfly due to hormonal changes.
» 10 days. It took 10 days for Jesus to officially become the High Priest.
He spent three days on the earth from His last seder to the resurrection and then seven days of inauguration in heaven.
» Green Color. The chrysallis is jade green in color.
» Gold Crown. It has 24 metallic gold spots surrounding the upper part of its abdomen, with a red heart in the center.
There are twelve other metallic gold spots over the rest of its body that are necessary for development.
It is also blind because the head capsule was discarded, but it can distinguish light from darkness.
» Disemboweled. Within the first 16 hours the stomach, intestines and most internal organs below the gold crown turn into a green liquid.
» Gold Color. The chrysalis becomes transparent and the orange and black wings can be seen.
» Laodicea: The Final Church.
This is a remarkable symbolic description of the changes that occur as we become a nation of priests, getting ready for the final trials.
These experiences follow the same pattern as Christ during His last three days in which disembowelment was seen as a type of trial by fire.
Gold Color. I advise you to buy from Me gold refined by fire so that you may become rich,
Chrysalis Becomes Clear. and white garments so that you may clothe yourself, and that the shame of your nakedness will not be revealed;
Blind. and eye salve to anoint your eyes so that you may see.
(Revelation 3: 18)
- Butterfly (Adult).
The chrysalis splits and it becomes a butterfly on the fifth time it molts.
The butterfly hangs for two hours until its wings are dry, pumping fluids into the wings until they are stiff.
The adult has an orange and black color, six legs and four wings and two compound eyes with 6000 lenses each which can see all colors and ultraviolet light.
The two eyes can process 72,000 nerve fiber electrical impulses.
» The Righteous Tribe. The adult butterfly has 12,000 lenses. Each tribe has 12,000 leaders.
The righteous can be symbolized as eyes because God symbolizes his nature by eyes on the Menorah and on the wheels of His throne.
» Resurrection.
Christ was wrapped up like a coccoon for His burial and He emerged in a changed body after the resurrection.
» Struggle For Life. From the stage of a chrysallis trapped like a mummy in a tomb, the butterfly has to struggle for life to escape.
If it is freed from this death struggle it will be impaired for life.
It is during this struggle that the wings are matured, getting it ready for flight.
It will be durng the struggle of the last days that our spiritual wings are matured to get us ready for heaven.
- Migration.
Butterflies go through four generations in their social calendar.
They are the only species of insects to migrate over 2000 miles (3200 km) for 2 months each year to warmer climates.
Butterflies who live west of the Rocky Mountains migrate to Southern California and hibernate in eucalyptus trees near Pacific Grove, Santa Cruz and from Baja to San Francisco.
Hundreds of millions of monarchs east of the Rocky mountains migrate from southern Canada and north east United States to Mexico, flying east of the Sierra Madres to a 60 square mile area in the Neovolcanic Mountains of central Mexico arriving in late October to hibernate in oyamel fir trees during the winter. The needle-like leaves of the tree are small enough for them to hold with their feet. Here they rest for five months.
Scattered across North America, by the time they reach southern Texas, the butterflies have converged and formed a huge flock of 250 million butterflies over 50 miles (80 km) wide.
Fifteen years ago (1995), there were one billion butterflies.
During the winter of 2010, 50% of the butterflies were killed in Mexico.
Deforestation and a bad winter did not provide enough canopy to insulate them.
This natural process demonstrates several spiritual laws.
First, judgment is given between the third and fourth generation.
Second, when the righteous make their final exodus, they can only go north or south.
Third, they need a canopy of leaves to protect them from perecution. The Feast of Tabernacles teaches us about gathering leafy branches to make temporary shelters.
North American Monarch Butterfly Migration |
 Figure 53a |
- Northern Migration (Three Generations). In spring they migrate north in search of milkweed. Each generation lives about two to eight weeks and it takes three generations to reach north.
The first generation mates, lays eggs and dies near the Gulf of Mexico.
The second generation reaches the Great Lakes around May to June and lays eggs and die.
The third generation is born in July to August and follows the same process, living in south east Canada and north east America in late summer.
- Southern Migration (Fourth Generation).
This super generation emerges in September to October and live for about seven to nine months. It does not develop reproductive organs or mate and lay eggs until the next spring on the Gulf of Mexico.
Instead, it grows fat in preparation for the long journey south and hibernating in the winter months.
» Twelve Tribes (Twelve Colonies).
The butterflies migrate to twelve habitats in the Mariposa Monarca Biosphere Reserve in Mexico, usually in big trees on south west facing slopes. Apparently, they also have twelve habitats world wide.
The twelve tribes of Israel are the twelve colonies of people who are destined to be priests and kings (monarchs).
» Fall Feasts. They appear to emerge around Yom Kippur and the Feast of Tabernacles during the time of judgment when we go and live with God.
» 7 Months. The seven last plagues last 7-12 months.
» South West. The prophecy of the 12 tribes shows that we will be waiting in the south west when we escape the last deadly attack of the persecutors.
» Infertility Of The Last Generation (Diapause).
This is a state in which feeding is reduced and reproductive development is slowed or halted.
- Environmental Stress. Certain changes in the environment such as light, temperature and food can be signs of the impending conditions.
These signs cause the insect to make preparations.
They store fat to reduce water loss and other nutrients.
» The Plague and Persecutions. The harsh conditions that trigger the exodus of the people of God are the persecutions which are soon followed by the seven last plagues.
According to the first four plagues, the earth will experience great famine, drought, disease and heat.
- Beginning of Diapause.
It is triggered by extremely unfavorable environmental conditions such as drought, temperature extremes or reduced food availability such as the first four plagues.
Plagues and Stress |
Diapause Begins |
1 | Disease | Pain |
2 | Salt Water | Drought |
3 | Fresh Water |
4 | Heat | Famine |
5 | Darkness | No Light |
6 | Defenceless | No peace |
7 | Hail | No Air |
Second Coming |
Cross the Sea of Glass |
Millennium Rest |
Diapause Ends |
» Quiescence. Before the unfavorable period ends, the insect can arouse and get ready to respond as rapidly as possible to the good conditions.
The purpose of the signs at the end are to allow the wise people to prepare for diapause. Only the wicked will be caught unprepared for the time of the plagues.
However, the righteous will be ready and prepared to react.
- End of Diapause. Only certain conditions can end diapause. The availability of water, food and favorable temperatures.
Even though we have food, rest and security in heaven, diapause for the righteous continues even during the millennium when we are not married or given in to marriage.
Only when we return to the new earth will diapause officially end.
» Infertility.
So far, this is the second confirmation that I have had that something interferes with the fertility of the last generation.
The first shows infertility in the wicked as a curse because they have captured the righteous. Now this shows infertility in the righteous.
Since all plagues can be traced back to the activities of those who "destroy the earth", my gut feeling is that the suicide and traitor seed technology will interfere with the fertility of humans.
If the judgment pattern occurs according to this pattern, then infertility may start affecting a particular "fourth generation" after a cruical event.
» Crossing Water (The Great Lakes).
They begin their exodus by crossing a great body of water.
The butterflies leaving Canada must first cross the Great Lakes by taking advantage of the wind currents.
God used a great wind to push back the waters of the Red Sea and He will use the down pouring of the Spirit (Wind) in the Latter Rain, to begin the final evangelistic efforts.
» Rest For Five Months (Millennium).
The religious schedule is fixed on a seven month period from Nisan to Tishri. The last five months are a mystery which represents our rest during the millennium when our exodus ends.
» Mating. In the spring they migrate to Texas where they finally find a mate in February or March. They mate and give birth to another first generation. Each generation mates until the special fourth generation is born in Canada.
According to prophecy, the final exodus will be done by one generation, fleeing from the north to the south.
But woe to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing babies in those days!
(Matthew 24: 19)
Since pregnancy is an undesirable complication at the end of time, perhaps God allows worldwide infertility so that the wicked are not pregnant at the Second Coming and the righteous do not have to face great persecution with pregnant women and nursing children.
- The Sound of The Butterflies.
100 million butterflies flapping their wings sounds like a water fall.
This minor detail is interesting because the Holy Spirit is described as a mighty rushing wind and as water. The sounds around the throne of God are like many waters (Revelation 14: 2).
When the righteous at the end of time are filled with the Holy Spirit, they will be like a mighty torrent of running water gathered around the throne of God.
- Butterflies and Moths.
The righteous are like butterflies which fly during the day, but the wicked are moths which like to fly at night.
Our righteousness is described as a garment of white linen and moths eat natural fibers like wool, cotton and linen. So moths will destroy and corrupt our righteousness, leaving us naked.
At the end of time, God separates the butterfies from the moths, just as He separates the sheep and the goats and the wheat and tares (weeds).
Theory.
Scientists are still studying how the butterflies migrate to the same trees every year as their great grand parents.
If we assume that they are a template of the journeys of the righteous, then we have information.
The SHEMA provides the answer. These instructions must be taught to children and "bound on the hands and between the eyes".
So genetics might provide some sort of directional compass that allows them to follow the parallel lines of the magnetic field, but the fourth generation butterfly probably carries a sample of the tree and passes it on to the next generation like some sort of pheromone.
Leaf cutter ant queens carry a sample of the fungus needed to start a new garden for the colony.
So, on their legs, proboscis and eyes are mechanisms that show them how to navigate.
Since the information first exists "upon their hearts", the 24 gold spots that circle the heart and head probably is the compass that stores information.
If they follow the Jewish pattern perfectly, then it is the male who carries these signs.
Somehow, they must transmit them to the female during mating.
Further research shows that I am not far off. They use polarized light to guide them.
Prophecy.
When the Christians of North America are fleeing persecution, we can use the butterfly as a sign.
The Messianic Prophecy
The life and actions of these creatures models the behavior of God.
- Monogamy And Faithfulness. The behavior of the mating pairs represent how marriage should be.
- Father. The behavior of the male dove and the eagle are stunning representation of what a true father should be.
- Timeline. These creatures and many others follow the time cycles set by law in the Bible.
One could see why creatures follow the lunar cycle because of the phases of the moon, but why do they follow the rule of 3 to 4 periods of time?
- Migration Of The Church. A north American phenomenon seems to model my understanding of last day prophecies.
I wonder if the migration of any other creatures follow these same rules?
There is one law for people and atoms made by the same Creator and Lawgiver YHWH.
Man's Wisdom Is Foolishness.
Therefore, behold, I will once again deal marvelously with this people, wondrously marvelous.
And the wisdom of their wise men will perish. And the discernment of their discerning men will be concealed.
(Isaiah 29: 14)
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Time: 60 Minutes Print: 7 pages |
Copyright
This File First Created : 21 December 2008. Split by Science Topics: June 2015
No permission is given to use this material at this time. Quoting of this material is strictly by the author's permission (Jeremiah 23: 30).
Credits:
Author: Laverna Patterson. Editors: Patterson (February 2009-2011 and 2015). Peer Review: None
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